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Grace Bible Church

4000 E. Collins Rd.   P.O. Box #3762   Gillette, WY  82717   (307) 686-1516

 

- Preaching the Living WORD through the Written WORD - 2 Tim 4:2 -

 

 

 

 

Koine Greek Tools

        

I.        INTERLINEARS

 

A.      Definition - A book that contains the Koine Greek Bible with the English equivalent written in alternate lines.

B.      Examples:

1.       The Interlinear Greek-English NT by Nestle & Marshall

2.       The Interlinear NASB-NIV Parallel NT by Marshall

3.       Friberg Greek NT

C.      Uses

1.       Basic definition of words

a)       kuriois = lords, masters;  mamōna = mammon, wealth (Mt 6:24)

b)       kleptai = thieves; Eng. “kleptomaniac” (Mat 6:20)

2.       Word order or emphasis

a)       ou dunasthe theō douleuein kai mamōna (Mt 6:24)

b)       thēsaurizete de umin thēsauros en ouranō (Mat 6:20)

3.       Literal word meaning

a)       diorussousin = dia - through

       & orussō – dig (Mat 6:20)

 

II.      LEXICONS

 

A.      Definition: A book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the Greek words in the Bible, their definitions and root meanings.

B.      Examples:

1.       Parsing Lexicon (describes part of speech and inflection: tense, voice, mood etc.)

a)       The Analytical Greek Lexicon by Moulton*

b)       The Word Study Bible* (partial)

2.       Lexical Dictionaries

a)       Theological Dictionary of N.T. (12 Volume or 1 Volume Abridged)

b)       A Greek-English Lexicon of NT and Christian Literature by Arndt & Gingrich

c)       Friberg Lexicon

d)       Louw Nida Lexicon (Lexicon based on Semantic Domains (Categories)

e)       Liddell-Scott Lexicon (Classical and Koine Lexicon)

C.      Uses:

1.       Parsing Verbs (Tense Voice Mood)*

a)       kleptousin - Present Active Indicative 3rd person plural (Mat 6:20).

b)       thēsaurizete - Present Active Imperative 2nd person plural (Mat 6:20).

2.       Root Definitions

a)       kleptō - to steal, filch, purloin, Hom., etc.; i.e. stole foals of a breed of horses (Liddell-Scott)

b)       thēsaurizō - keep safe that which is of great value – treasure up (Louw Nida)

3.       Location in Scripture

a)       kleptō - a. to steal; absolutely, to commit a theft:  Matt. 6:19f; 19:18; Mark 10:19; Luke 18:20; John 10:10; Rom. 2:21; 13:9; Eph. 4:28. b. transitive, to steal i. e. take away by stealth:  , the dead body of one, Matt. 27:64; 28:13. (Thayer)

b)       thēsaurizō - (1) literally lay up, store up as treasure (MT 6.19); of offerings of money lay by, put or set aside (1C 16.2); (2) figuratively; (a) of spiritually valuable things accomplished store up, cause to be recorded (MT 6.20); (b) of divine wrath make more intense, cause to be more extensive (RO 2.5); (c) of God's plan for the future of the heaven and earth reserve, keep, save up (2P 3.7) (Friberg)

 

III.   N.T. WORD STUDIES

 

A.      Definition: A book chronologically goes through the N.T. and highlights and expounds on important Greek Word.

B.      Examples:

1.       Lexical Dictionaries (See “B. Lexicons”)

2.       Word Pictures by A.T. Robertson

3.       Word Studies in the NT by Vincent

4.       Synonyms of the NT by R.C. Trench

5.       Wuest’s Word Studies in Greek N.T.

6.       Vine’s Expository Dictionary

C.      Uses:

1.       Parsing Verbs (Tense Voice Mood)

a)       Joh 21:15 - Lovest thou me more than these? (agapâis me pleon toutôn;). Ablative case of comparison toutôn (disciples) after pleon. Peter had even boasted that he would stand by Christ though all men forsook him (Mr 14:29). We do not know what passed between Jesus and Peter when Jesus first appeared to him (Lu 24:34). But here Christ probes the inmost recesses of Peter's heart to secure the humility necessary for service. I love thee (philô su). Peter makes no claim here to superior love and passes by the "more than these" and does not even use Christ's word agapaô for high and devoted love, but the humbler word phileô for love as a friend. He insists that Christ knows this in spite of his conduct. Feed my lambs (Boske ta arnia mou). For the old word boskô (to feed as a herdsman) see Mt 8:33. Present active imperative here. Arnia is a diminutive of arnos (lamb). (Robertson’s Word Pictures).

2.       Root Definitions

a)       Phileo - Contents: A. Common Greek Usage: 1. Phileo with Personal Object; 2. Phileo with Neuter Object; 3. Phileo with Infinitive; 4. Phileo “to kiss,” kataphileo, philema: a. Usage; b. The Kiss in Antiquity outside the Bible. B. Use in the Septuagint: I. Usage; II The Kiss in the Old Testament and Judaism. C. Use in the New Testament: I. “To Love”: I. Phileo with Neuter Object and with Infinitive; 2. Phileo with Personal Objects: a. In the Synoptists; b. In John; c, In the Rest of the New Testament; II. The Kiss in the New Testament; 1. Manner and Occasion of Kissing; 2. The Kiss of Judas. D. The Kiss in the Post-New Testament Period; I. The Early Church; II. Gnosticism. (TDNT)

b)       Wuest

(1)     “Agapao speaks of a love which is awakened by a sense of value in an object which causes one to prize it. It springs from an apprehension of the preciousness of an object. It is a love of esteem and approbation. The quality of this love is determined by the character of the one who loves, and that of the object loved… (Wuest's Word Studies from the Greek New Testament).

(2)      Phileo” is a love which consists of the glow of the heart kindled by the perception of that in the object which affords us pleasure. It is the response of the human spirit to what appeals to it as pleasurable. The Greeks made much of friendship. The word was used to speak of a friendly affection….(ibid.).

3.       Locations

a)       Agapeêand agapaō are used in the NT (a) to describe the attitude of God toward His Son, John 17:26; the human race, generally, John 3:16; Rom. 5:8, and to such as believe on the Lord Jesus Christ particularly John 14:21; (b) to convey His will to His children concerning their attitude one toward another, John 13:34, and toward all men, 1 Thess. 3:12; 1 Cor. 16:14; 2 Pet. 1:7; (c) to express the essential nature of God, 1 John 4:8….(Vine’s Expository Dictionary).

 

IV.    GREEK CONCORDANCE

 

A.      Definition: an alphabetical index of all the Greek words of the Bible in its English usages.

B.      Examples:

1.       The New Englishman’s Greek Concordance

2.       Thayer’s Greek Concordance

C.      Uses:

1.       Root Definitions

2.       Various translations

3.       All references

 

V.      ENGLISH CONCORDANCE

 

A.      Definition: an alphabetical index of all the English words of the Bible (OT & NT) in its English usages. It also contains links to its original meanings in Greek and Hebrew.

B.      Examples:

1.       Strong’s English Concordance

2.       Young’s English Concordance

3.       Cruden’s English Concordance

4.       Bible Software (almost all)

C.      Uses:

1.       Root definitions

2.       Compare various translations

3.       View all references

 

VI.    COMMENTARIES

 

A.      Definition: These are the studies and comments on books of the Bible. They range from Expository (in depth look at the original language) to Applicational (emphasizing how to apply to life).

B.      Commentaries:

1.       Word Biblical Commentary

2.       The Expositor’s Bible Commentary

3.       The Bible Knowledge Commentary

4.       Authored (Wiersbe, MacArthur etc.)

 

VII.   STUDY BIBLES

 

A.      Definition: Bibles that include studies, brief commentaries, Concordances and definitions to Greek Words (including parsing).

B.      Bibles:

1.       The Key Word Greek and Hebrew Study Bible

2.       Thompson Chain Reference

3.       Authored (Scofield, Ryrie, MacArthur)

4.       Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

 

VIII.           SOFTWARE

 

1.       Definition: Bible programs for the computer usually on CD Roms.

2.       Online Bible Deluxe

a)       Includes more than 15 translations, including Greek and Hebrew (Also foreign language translations).

b)       Includes Commentaries, Word Studies, Concordances, Bible Dictionaries

c)       Word and reference search is fast and easy.

d)       This one is the best al around Bible software at the most reasonable price.

3.       Bible Works 6 (Hermeneutika) – Biblical exegesis and research program.

4.       Libronix - Logos System – Able to add on Biblical references

5.       Gramcord - Biblical exegesis and research program.

6.       Greek & Hebrew Tutors

7.       Commentaries - Expositior’s Bible Commentary; Bible Knowledge Commentary

8.       Master Christian Library (including 38 volume Church Fathers)

9.       Calvin’s Collections

10.    Spurgeon’s Collections

11.    Encyclopedia of Illustrations

12.    Christian History Magazine

 

IX.    INTERNET

 

A.      Definition: The World Wide Web has become a premiere center for Christian resources, and it is expanding daily.

B.      Free Downloads:

1.       Online Bible

2.       eSword from Internet

C.      Perseus Project (Tufts University) <http://www.perseus.tufts.edu>

1.       Contains all the Classical Greek writings in Greek and English.

2.       Contains Encyclopedia, Tools and Lexicons

3.       Defines Greek words in their original usage.

D.      Bible Gateway <http://bible.gospelcom.net/bible>

1.       Bible in different languages

2.       Bible in different English versions

3.       Nave’s Topical index

E.       Church Fathers & Christian Antiquity <http://www.gty.org/~phil/hall.htm>

F.       Spurgeon’s Archives <http://www.spurgeon.org>

G.      Seminary Journals <http://bsf.bible.org/galaxie/journals/sample/index.htm>

 

 

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