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Preaching the Living WORD through the Written WORD - 2 Tim 4:2 - |
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Koine Greek Verbs (brief
summary) I.
GREEK TENSES A.
PRESENT TENSE: •Imagine a video camera shooting film now• 1.
It describes ongoing and
continuous action (Mt. 25:8 “are going out”). 2.
It also describes an undefined
kind of action (Mt 3:11 - “I baptize” or “I am baptizing”). 3.
It describes an action that
usually occurs in the present time (1Jo 5:12 - “is having [now]”). B.
IMPERFECT TENSE: •Imagine a video camera shooting film yesterday• 1.
It describes ongoing and
continuous action in the past (Mk 12:41 “was watching”; “were throwing”) 2.
The time element is more
prominent in the imperfect than in the present (Lk 3:10 “were asking
questions” or “used to ask questions”; Acts 2:42-47 customary imperfects). C.
FUTURE TENSE: •Imagine a camera that will take a snapshot• 1.
It describes more of a future
event than of continuous action (Lk 1:13 “will give”; 2.
The element of time is very
pronounced (Jn 14:26 “will send”; “will teach”; “will remind”). D.
AORIST TENSE: •Imagine a camera that took a snapshot• 1.
It describes action simply as
an event or a point in time, normally in the past (2 Cor. 8:9 “became poor”;
Eph 6:11 “Put on”). 2.
It can describe an event in its
entirety (Jn. 2:20 “was built”). E.
PERFECT TENSE: •Imagine a camera that took a snapshot but continues to show the
picture• 1.
It describes completed action
with present effects (Rom 14:23 "is condemned"). 2.
Emphasis, may be on either the
completed action or on its finished results (Ac 5:28, "you have
filled"). 3.
Probably one of the most
precious examples of the perfect tense is (John 19:30 “it is finished”; “it
has been finished and continues to be finished”; Jn 5:24 "has passed"). F.
PLUPERFECT TENSE: •Imagine a camera that took a snapshot and continued to show the
picture but stopped at some point• 1.
It describes completed action
with further completed effects (Re 7:11 "were standing"). 2.
There are only 82 verbs in N.T.
that appear in the pluperfect tense (Lu 2:49 "Did you not know"). II.
GREEK VOICE A.
ACTIVE VOICE - The subject initiates the action of the verb (I know; 1Co
13:12). B.
MIDDLE VOICE - The subject initiates the action of the verb upon himself (I
will know for myself; 1Co 13:12). C.
PASSIVE VOICE - The subject receives the action of the verb (I have been
known; 1Co 13:12). III.
GREEK MOODS A.
INDICATIVE MOOD •Imagine a camera that you are certain is in someone's possession• 1.
It is the mood that declares simple
fact or certainty (Jn 5:12 "They asked"; Eph 4:1 "have been
called"). 2.
It does not necessarily declare
whether something is true or untrue (Mk 3:22 "He casts out"). B.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD •Imagine a camera that probably is in someone's possession• 1.
It is the mood that expresses
probability (Mt 5:23 "if you
are"). 2.
It is expressed sometimes in
exhortation (Heb 4:16 "Let us draw near"). C.
OPTATIVE MOOD •Imagine a camera that possibly could be in someone's possession• 1.
It is the mood that suggests
possibility (“May the Lord direct”,
2 Thes 3:5; Ac 17:18 “wish to say”). 2.
It is most often used as a
literary mood (mē genoito, “By
no means”, Ro 3:4,6; 6:2; 1Co 6:15; Ga 2:17. Note: The D.
IMPERATIVE MOOD •Imagine a camera that you command someone to take into their
possession• 1.
It is the mood that asserts a
command (Mt 5:44 “Love your enemies”). 2.
It is the mood of volition and
appeals to the will (Jn 6:20 “Don't be afraid”; Lk 17:5 "Increase our faith!"). |
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